Step-adaptive sound guidance enhances locomotor-respiratory coupling in novice female runners: A proof-of-concept study

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Many runners struggle to find a rhythm during running. This may be because 20–40% of runners experience unexplained, unpleasant breathlessness at exercise onset. Locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC), a synchronization phenomenon in which the breath is precisely timed with the steps, may provide metabolic or perceptual benefits to address these limitations. It can also be consciously performed. Hence, we developed a custom smartphone application to provide real-time LRC guidance based on individual step rate. Methods: Sixteen novice-intermediate female runners completed two control runs outdoors and indoors at a self-selected speed with auditory step rate feedback. Then, the runs were replicated with individualized breath guidance at specific LRC ratios. Hexoskin smart shirts were worn and analyzed with custom algorithms to estimate continuous LRC frequency and phase coupling. Results: LRC guidance led to a large significant increase in frequency coupling outdoor from 26.3 ± 10.7 (control) to 69.9 ± 20.0 % (LRC) “attached”. There were similarly large differences in phase coupling between paired trials, and LRC adherence was stronger for the indoor treadmill runs versus outdoors. There was large inter-individual variability in running pace, preferred LRC ratio, and instruction adherence metrics. Discussion: Our approach demonstrates how personalized, step-adaptive sound guidance can be used to support this breathing strategy in novice runners. Subsequent investigations should evaluate the skill learning of LRC on a longer time basis to effectively clarify its risks and advantages.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1112663
Pages (from-to)1112663
Number of pages13
JournalFrontiers in Sports and Active Living
Volume5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Mar 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
2023 Harbour, Rheden, Schwameder and Finkenzeller.

Keywords

  • breathing strategies
  • breathing techniques
  • entrainment
  • locomotor-respiratory coupling
  • running
  • synchronization

Fields of Science and Technology Classification 2012

  • 107 Other Natural Sciences

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