The Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders

Laura Costea, Ádám Mészáros, Hannelore Bauer, Hans-Christian Bauer, Andreas Traweger, Imola Wilhelm, Attila E Farkas, István A Krizbai

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

With age, our cognitive skills and abilities decline. Maybe starting as an annoyance, this decline can become a major impediment to normal daily life. Recent research shows that the neurodegenerative disorders responsible for age associated cognitive dysfunction are mechanistically linked to the state of the microvasculature in the brain. When the microvasculature does not function properly, ischemia, hypoxia, oxidative stress and related pathologic processes ensue, further damaging vascular and neural function. One of the most important and specialized functions of the brain microvasculature is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which controls the movement of molecules between blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. In this review, we are focusing on tight junctions (TJs), the multiprotein complexes that play an important role in establishing and maintaining barrier function. After a short introduction of the cell types that modulate barrier function via intercellular communication, we examine how age, age related pathologies and the aging of the immune system affects TJs. Then, we review how the TJs are affected in age associated neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we summarize the TJ aspects of Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. Barrier dysfunction appears to be a common denominator in neurological disorders, warranting detailed research into the molecular mechanisms behind it. Learning the commonalities and differences in the pathomechanism of the BBB injury in different neurological disorders will predictably lead to development of new therapeutics that improve our life as we age.

Original languageEnglish
Article number5472
Number of pages28
JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume20
Issue number21
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Nov 2019

Fields of Science and Technology Classification 2012

  • 106 Biology

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